UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2014 Syllabus: Punjabi Paper-I

Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi Script.

Section-A

a) Origin of Punjabi language : different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi language : characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones: classification of vowels and consonants.

b) Punjabi morphology : the number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and different categories of Post positions: Punjabi word formation: Tatsam. Tad Bhav, forms: Sentence structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi: Noun and verb phrases.

UPSC Civil Services Main Examination Syllabus: Oriya Paper-II

Answers must be written in Oriya.
Critical Study of texts -
The paper will require first hand reading of the text and test the critical ability of the candidate.

UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2014 Syllabus: Oriya Paper-I

Answers must be written in Oriya.

Section-A

History of Oriya Language
(i) Origin and development of Oriya Language-Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso-Arabic and English on Oriya Language.
(ii) Phonetics and Phonemics : Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Oriya sounds.
(iii) Morphology : Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb.
(iv) Syntax : Kinds of sentences and their transformation, structure of sentences.
(v) Semantics-Different types of change in meaning Euphemism.
(vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences.
(vii) Regional variations in Oriya Language (Western, Southern and Northern Oriya) and Dialects (Bhatri and Desia)

UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2014 Syllabus: Nepali Paper-II

Answers must be written in Nepali.

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed below and questions will be designed to test the candidate’s critical acumen.

Section-A

1. Santa Jnandil Das-Udaya Lahari

2. Lekhnath Poudyal-Tarun Tapasi

(Vishrams III, V, VI, XII, XV, XVIII only)

UPSC Civil Services Main Examination 2014: Nepali Paper-I

Answers must be written in Nepali.

Section-A

1. History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo-Aryan Languages

2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology:

(i) Nominal forms and categories :-

Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas

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