Tuesday, December 26, 2017

Important Articles of the Constitution of India

Articles - Subject
Part I
Ar . 1 – 4 – The Union and its Territory

Part II

Art. 5 to 11 – Citizenship

Part – III : Fundamental Rights

Art. 14.  Equality before law.
Art. 15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Art. 16.  Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Art. 17.  Abolition of Untouchability.
Art. 18.  Abolition of titles.
 
Right to FreedomArt. 19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
Art. 20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
Art. 21. Protection of life and personal liberty.
Art. 21A. Right to education.
Art. 22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
Right against Exploitation
Art. 23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
Art. 24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Right to  Freedom of Religion
Art. 25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
Art. 26. Freedom to manage religious affairs.
Art. 27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
Art. 28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.
Cultural and Educational RightsArt. 29. Protection of interests of minorities.
Art. 30. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Saving of Certain Laws
Art. 31A. Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
Art. 31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
Art. 31C. Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
31D.    [Repealed.]
Right to Constitutional Remedies
Art.  32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
Art.  32A. Repealed.]

Art.  33. Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
Art.  34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
Art. 35. Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.

Part IV
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
Art. 36. Definition.
Art. 37.  Application of the principles contained in this Part.
Art. 38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
Art. 39. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
39A. Equal justice and free legal aid.
Art. 40. Organisation of village panchayats.
Art. 41. Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
Art. 42. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
Art. 43. Living wage, etc., for workers.
Art. 43A. Participation of workers in management of industries.
Art. 44. Uniform civil code for the citizens.
Art. 45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
Art. 46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
Art. 47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
Art. 48. Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
Art.48A. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
Art.  49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
Art.50. Separation of judiciary from executive.
Art. 51. Promotion of international peace and security.

Part IV A Art. 51 A Fundamental Duties

Part V The Union

CHAPTER I.THE EXECUTIVE

Art. 52. The President of India.
Art.53.    Executive power of the Union.
Art. 54. Election of President.
Art. 61. Procedure for impeachment of the President.
Art.63.    The Vice-President of India.
Art. 64. The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.
Art.65.    The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.
Art. 66.Election of Vice-President.
Art.72.    Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
Art.74.    Council of Ministers  to aid and advise President.
Art.75.    Other provisions as to Ministers.
    The Attorney-General for India
Art.76.    Attorney-General for India.
    Conduct of Government Business

Chapter II.Parliament

Art.79.    Constitution of Parliament.
Art.80.    Composition of the Council of States.
Art.81.    Composition of the House of the People.
Art.83.    Duration of Houses of Parliament.
Art.84.    Qualification for membership of Parliament.
Art.85.    Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
Art.86.    Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.
Art.87.    Special address by the President.
Art.88.    Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
   
Officers of Parliament
Art.89.    The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
Art.90.    Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.
Art.93.    The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People .
Art.94.    Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
Art.95.    Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
Art.98.    Secretariat of Parliament.   
Art.99.    Oath or affirmation by members.
Art.100. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
Art.105.    Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.
Art.106. Salaries and allowances of members.
Art.107. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
Art.108. Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases.
Art.109. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
Art.110. Definition of “Money Bills”.
Art.111. Assent to Bills.
   
Art.112. Annual financial statement.
Art.113. Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.
Art. 114. Appropriation Bills.
Art.115. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
Art.116. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
Art.117. Special provisions as to financial Bills.
Art.118. Rules of procedure.
Art.119. Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.
Art.120. Language to be used in Parliament.
Art.121. Restriction on discussion in Parliament.
Art. 122. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.

Chapter III.Legislative  Powers Of The President
Art.123. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.

Chapter IV. The Union Judiciary
Art. 124. Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.
 Art.125. Salaries, etc., of Judges.
Art. 126. Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
Art. 127. Appointment of ad hoc judges.
Art. 128. Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
Art.129. Supreme Court to be a court of record.
Art. 130. Seat of Supreme Court.
Art. 131. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
Art.132. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
Art. 133. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters.
Art. 134. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
Art.134A. Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court.
Art. 135. Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
Art. 136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.
Art. 137. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
Art. 138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
Art. 141. Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
Art.143. Power of President to consult Supreme Court.
Art. 144.Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.

Chapter V. Comptroller And Auditor-General Of India
Art. 148. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
Art. 149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.

PART VI

Ar 152 to Art. 237 : The Government of the State Level: The Executive, The State Legislature, The High Courts and The Subordinate Courts.

Part VII   
THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE

Part VIII
Art. 239 to Art. 241 – The Union Territories

Part IX
Art. 243 to Art. 243O- The Panchyats

Part IXA
Art. 243P to Art. 243ZG – The Municipalities

Part X
Art. 244 to Art. 244A – The Schedule and Tribal Areas.

Part XI
Art. 245 to Art.263 – Relations between the Union and the States

Part XII
Art 264 to Art 300 – Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits, Distribution of Revenue between and States, Appointment of Finance Commission, Borrowing, Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits.

Part XIII
Art. 301 - Art. 307 – Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within India.

Part XIV – Services Under Union And The States

Art.  309. Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.
 Art. 310. Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.
Art.  311. Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.
Art.  312. All-India services.
Art. 315. Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
Art. 316. Appointment and term of office of members.
Art.  317. Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.
Art. 318. Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
Art. 320. Functions of Public Service Commissions.
Art. 321. Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions.
Art. 323. Reports of Public Service Commissions.

Part XIV A- Tribunals

Part XV- Elections

Art. 324. Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
Art. 325. No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
Art.  326. Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
Art.  327. Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
Art.  328. Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.
Art.  329. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.

 Part XVI

Art. 330 to Art. 342 - Special provisions relating to certain classes

Part XVII

Art. 343 to Art. 351 - Official Languages

PART XVIII

Art. 352 to Art. 360 - Emergency Provisions

PART XIX Miscellaneous

Art. 361A. Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.
Art. 363. Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
Art. 363A. Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.
Art. 364. Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.
Art. 365. Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.

PART XX

Art 368: Amendment of the constitution

PART XXI

Art. 369 to Art. 392 - Temporary, transitional and special provisions

PART XXII

Art. 393 to Art. 395 - Short title, commencement, authoritative text in hindi and repeals

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