Indian Councils Act of 1861

• For the first time the Act introduces the representative institutions in India. It enabled the Governor- General to associate representatives of the Indian people with the work of legislation by nominating them to his expanded council.

Government of India Act, 1858

The first war of Indian Independence in 1857 brought the career of East India Company to an end. In 1858, the Government of India was placed directly under the crown through the Secretary of State for India and all the matters were to be seen by him. This Act had three parts:

The Charter Act of 1853

• Laid foundation of Parliamentary system of Government, the executive and legislative separated. Legislative Assembly functioned in the model of British Parliament.
• Renewed the term of East India Company for an indefinite period;

Charter Act of 1833

• Company's monopoly to tea trade and China trade was abolished and it was required to wind up its commercial business. But administration and political powers were continued and status quo was maintained.

Charter Act 1813

The Charter Act of 1813 was as follows:

•    The monopoly of trade of the Company was abolished except in Tea and its trade with China.

Charter Act 1793

The East India Company Act 1793 is also known as the Charter Act of 1793. It was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which renewed the charter issued to the British East India Company, and continued the Company's rule in India.

In contrast with legislation concerning British India proposed in the preceding two decades, the 1793 Act "passed with minimal trouble". The Act made only fairly minimal changes to either the system of government in India or British oversight of the Company's activities. Most importantly, the Company's trade monopoly was continued for a further 20 years.

Pitts India Act 1784

It was introduced by the British Parliament to bring the administration of East India Company under the direct control. The salient features of Pitt`s India Act are:

• A Board of Control was established that contained maximum six parliamentarians. The Board was headed by the senior Cabinet member who was the Director and Superintendent to control the affairs of the company related to territorial possessions in the East Indies.

Regulating Act of 1773

The Regulating Act, 1773 said that:

• The Government of the presidency of Fort William in Bengal should have a Governor General and a Council, which consists of four Councilors with the general democratic rule that the Governor General would consider decision of the majority of the Councilors.

Indian Polity and Constitution

Definition of Constitution- A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. When these principles are written down into a single collection or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to comprise a written constitution.

JEE and NEET will be held twice in a year

NTA inister engineering and medical admission test, reports Indian Express from sources like MHRD and PTI

The National Testing Agency NTA is a government by formulated by MHRD i.e. Ministry of Human Resources Development of Government of India to administer the entrance examinations. For now both JEE Main and NEET are held by Central Board of Secondary education. However CBSE expressed displeasure in conducting entrance examination as it gets over burdened.