Articles under Part XVIII: Emergency Provisions

• Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency
• Article 353: Effect of Proclamation of Emergency
• Article 354: Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation

Emergency Provisions in India

Part XVIII of the Constitution of India contains Articles 352-360 which deals with 'Emergency Provisions'. There are three kinds of provisions according to the Constitution.

• National Emergency
• State Emergency
• Financial Emergency

Inter-State Relations

• Article 131 of the Constitution of India provides for the judicial determination of disputes between states by vesting the Supreme Court with exclusive jurisdiction in the matter, while Article 262 of the Constitution provides for the adjudication of once class of such disputes by an extra judicial tribunal.

National Integration Council

• Formation - 2 June 1962
• Type -     Government advisory body
• Purpose/focus     - Address the problems of communalism, casteism and regionalism
• Region served - India
• Membership -    150
• Chairman – Prime Minister of India

National Development Council

• The National Development Council (NDC) or the Rashtriya Vikas Parishad is the apex body for decision making and deliberations on development matters in India, presided over by the Prime Minister.

Five Year Plans of India

The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans, which are developed, executed and monitored by the Planning Commission. Prior to the fourth plan, the allocation of state resources was based on schematic patterns rather than a transparent and objective mechanism, which led to the adoption of the Gadgil formula in 1969. Revised versions of the formula have been used since then to determine the allocation of central assistance for state plans.

Planning Commission

• The Planning Commission is an institution in the Government of India, which formulates India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions.
• The composition of the Commission has undergone a lot of change since its inception. With the Prime Minister as the ex-officio Chairman, the committee has a nominated Deputy Chairman, who is given the rank of a full Cabinet Minister.
• Cabinet Ministers with certain important portfolios act as part-time members of the Commission, while the full-time members are experts of various fields like Economics, Industry, Science and General Administration.