Metallurgy

What is Metallurgy?

The process of extracting metals from ores is called metallurgy.

Ores - An ore is a type of rock that contains minerals with important elements including metals. The ores are extracted through mining; these are then refined to extract the valuable elements.

Fuels

Fuel is a substance that can supply energy alone or upon reaction with some other substance. Fuel when provide energy also produced heat which is measured in Calories. An ideal fuel should posses the following properties –

Carbon and Its Compounds

Carbon is a non metal, its atomic number is 6 and mass number 12. It is placed in Group 14 or IV A of Periodic Table.

Allotropy- The substances which shows similar chemical characteristics but different physical characteristics are called allotropes and this property of material is called allotropy. Carbon has three allotropes – Charcoal, Graphite and Diamond

Electrolysis

Electrolytes- Electrolytes are the materials which allow electric current to pass through them when in molten state and goes for chemical decomposition. For example; acids, bases, and salts.

Behavior of Gases

Boyle’s Law: Boyle's lawstates that the absolute pressure and volume of a given mass of confined gas are inversely proportional, if the temperature remains unchanged within a closed system.

Mathematically, V ∝ 1/p; when temperature T is constant
Or V = K./p
Thus PV = K where K is constant
P1V1 = P1V1

Acids, Bases and Salts

Acid – An acid is a chemical material which exhibits following properties –

Sour in taste; when sprinkled on a blue litmus paper, turns it red; contains replaceable hydrogen; gives out hydrogen ion H+ in Aqueous Solution according to Arrhenius Theorem; can donate a proton According to Bronsted Lowry concept and can accept electrons according to Lewis Concept