Friday, October 24, 2014

IFS Main Exam 2014 Syllabus: Statistics

Paper-I
Probability :
Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function, distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in p-th mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Borel-Cantelli lemma, Chebyshev's and Khinchine's weak laws of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and kolmogorov's theorems, Glivenko- Cantelli  theorem, probability generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Laplace transform, related uniqueness and continuity theorems, determination of distribution by its
moments. Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions, their inter-relations and limiting cases, simple properties of finite Markov chains.

Statistical Inference:
Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, minimal sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistic, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly
minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer- Rao inequality for single and severalparameter family of distributions, minimum
variance bound estimator and its properties, modifications and extensions of Cramer-Rao inequality, Chapman-Robbins inequality, Bhattacharyya's bounds, estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chisquare and modified minimum chisquare, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, idea of asymptotic efficiency, idea of prior and posterior distributions, Bayes estimators. Non-randomised and randomised tests,
critical function, MP tests, Neyman- Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, generalised Neyman- Pearson lemma, similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single and several- parameter families of distributions, likelihood rotates and its large sample properties, chi-square goodness of fit test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with
tests, uniformly most accurate (UMA) and UMA unbiased confidence bounds. Kolmogorov's test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. wilcoxon signed-ranks test
and its consistency, Kolmogorov- Smirnov two-sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whiltney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality Wald's SPRT and its properties, OC
and ASN functions, Wald's fundamental identity, sequential estimation.

Linear Inference and Multivariate
Analysis :
Linear statistical modesl, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of signficance and interval
estimates based on least squares theory in one-way, two-way and threeway classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials,
multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, regression diagnostics and sensitivity analysis, calibration problems, estimation of variance and covariance components, MINQUE theory, multivariate normal distributin, Mahalanobis;' D2 and Hotelling's T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, one-way MANOVA, principal component analysis, elements of factor analysis.

Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments:
An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without
replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy for structural populations, cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression, methods
of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling,  probability roportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the Horvitz- Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, nonsampling errors, Warner's randomised response technique for sensitive characteristics. Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way classification per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality
and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial designs : 2n, 32 and 33, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs.


PAPER-II

I. Industrial Statistics
Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c charts, cumulative sum chart, V-mask, single, double,
multiple and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producer's and consumer's risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, sampling plans for variables, use of Dodge-Romig and Military Standard tables. Concepts of reliability, maintainability and availability, reliability of series and parallel systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, survival models (exponential), Weibull, lognormal, Rayleigh, and bath-tub), different types of redundancy and use of redundancy in reliability improvement, problems in life-testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.
II. Optimization Techniques:
Different, types of models in Operational Research, their construction and general methods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods, the structure and formulation of linear programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase
method and the M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportation and  assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games, methods of solution (graphical and algerbraic). Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, concept of scientific
inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type. Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix,
classification of states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queueing theory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues.
Solution of statistical problems on computers using well known statistical software packages like SPSS.

III. Quantitative Economics and
Official Statistics:
Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationery of series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving
average components, forecasting. Commonly used index numbers- Laspeyre's, Paashe's and Fisher's ideal index numbers, chain-base index number uses and limitations of index numbers,
index number of wholesale prices, consumer price index number, index numbers of agricultural and industrial production, tests, for mdex numbers lve proportonality test, time-reversal test,
factor-reversal test, circular test and dimensional invariance test. General linear model, ordinary least squares and generalised least squires methods of estimation, problem of multicollineaity,
consequences and solutions of multicollinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independence of disturbances,
Zellner's seemingly unrelated regression equation model and its estimation, concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order conditions
of identifiability, two-stage least squares method of estimation. Present official statistical system in
India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitation and the principal publications containing
such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection and their main functions.

IV. Demography and Psychometry:
Demographic data from census, registration, NSS and other surveys, and their limitation and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction
rates, morbidity rate, standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population
growth curves, fitting a logistic curve, population projection, stable population theory, uses of stable population and quasi-stable population techniques in estimation of demographic 
parameters, morbidity and its measurement, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics. Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, Tscores, percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and

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