Circulatory System

•  The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids, electrolytes and lymph), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body. The circulatory system help fight diseases, stabilize body temperature and pH, and to maintain homeostasis.
•    The discovery of blood circulation or blood flow was done by William Harvey in 1628.

Major organ systems

•    Circulatory system: pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood, and blood vessels.
•    Digestive System: digestion and processing food with salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, rectum, and anus.
•    Endocannabinoid system: neuromodulatory lipids and receptors involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, motor learning, synaptic plasticity, and memory.

Human Blood

•    Human blood is the fluid circulated by the heart through the human vascular system.

•    There are three cellular components of human blood: red blood cells (r.b.c.), white blood cells (w.b.c.), and platelets.

Introduction to Zoology

Zoology – The systematic study of the structure, form and distribution of animals is called Zoology.

The animal kingdom can be classified over two sub groups – 1. Unicellular animal; and 2. Multi-cellular animal.

Famous Quotes

Poverty is the parents of revolution and crime.
- Aristotle

He who wishes to secure the good of others has already secured his own.
- Confucius

Sacrifice that causes pain is no sacrifice at all. True sacrifice is joy-giving and uplifting.
- Mahatma Gandhi

Rise of Magadha Empire (6th Century – 4th Century BC)

Magadha Empire ruled over districts of Patna, Gaya, some parts of Shahabad and grew further to turn into a state. The Magadha Empire had gone hand to hand and attained remarkable success. Various dynasties came into existence. A brief discussion follows here.

Haryanka Dynasty: This dynasty was founded in 566 BC by the grand father of Bimbsara. According to Buddha literature Bimbasara conquered Anga state to set trade route with southern states. The Anga is now in East Bihar Region.

Mahajanapada Period (600 BC to 325 BC)

Mahājanapadas were ancient Indian Kingdoms. The word Mahajanpada derived from two words ‘maha’ meaning great and ‘janapada’ meaning foothold of people.

There are 16 Mahajanpadas according to Buddhist Text found in Anguttara Nikaya & Mahavastu and Jain Literature Bhagavati Sutta.


Here Listed the 16 Mahajanpadas, their Capitals and Locations