Bacteria

•    Bacteria were discovered by Antony von Lecuwenhoek in 1829; he is regarded as Father of Bacteriology.
•    The Bacteriology is the scientific study of Bacteria.
•    The Robert Koch (1812-1892) discovered the bacteria of Tuberculosis disease.
•    The Louis Pasteur (1812-1892) discovered the vaccine of rabies and pasteurization of milk.

Virus

• The systematic study of Virus is called virology.
• A virus is both a living and non living, thus it’s a connecting link between living and non living.
• Viruses may infect all types of organisms; animals, plants, bacteria and archae.

Introduction to Botany

• The systematic study of plants and trees is called Botany.
• The ophrastus is called Father of Botany.

Sex Determination in Humans

The male sex chromosome in humans if XY; the female sex chromosome is XX. In the times of gamete buildup, in male of the sperms holds X chromosome while other half holds Y chromosome. In female all gametes contains only X chromosome. When a male gamete carrying X chromosome, fertilize and ova, the result zygote developed would be a female. And When a male gamete carrying Y chromosome, fertilize and ova, the result zygote developed would be a male.

Biology of Cell

•    Cell is main basic structural unit of all organisms, microscopic in nature, it contains cytoplasmic material and nuclear material in a semi permeable membrane, this membrane is called cell wall in case of plants.

•    Biological organisms may contain a single cell (unicellur) or multiple cell (multicellur).

•    Each cell in organisms works like a programmable chipset to function; it takes nutrients, converts nutrients into energy and performs specialized tasks necessary for life.

•    Robert Hooke discovered the cell in 1665.

•    First Cell Theory was developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.

Medical Inventions and Discoveries

Invention	Scientist	Year
Adhesive plaster-covered bandages	Paul Beiersdorf	1882
Anaesthetic	William Morton	1846
Anthrax (vaccine)	Louis Pasteur	1881
Antiseptic	Joseph Lister	1865
Artificial heart (implant, human)	Denton Cooley	1969

Diseases Caused by Viruses in Humans

Here is a list of the diseases that viruses cause in the human body. Only proper hygiene and care can help prevent these diseases. While some of them are easily preventable and curable, some can prove to be fatal if not diagnosed and treated on time. Hence, a viral infection must never be taken lightly.

List of Diseases Caused by Bacteria

The human body is vulnerable towards bacteria. Here given diseases caused by different bacteria and affected organ

Balanced Diet

A healthy diet is one that helps maintain or improve general health. It is important for lowering many chronic health risks, such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and cancer. A healthy diet involves consuming appropriate amounts of all essential nutrients and an adequate amount of water. Nutrients can be obtained from many different foods, so there are numerous diets that may be considered healthy. A healthy diet needs to have a balance of macro nutrients (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates), calories to support energy needs, and micro nutrients to meet the needs for human nutrition without inducing toxicity or excessive weight gain from consuming excessive amounts.

Water and Human Body

The water is the most important nutrient and the most abundant substance in the human body.  Water comprises about three quarters of the human mass and is a major component in every cell.  In addition water is important to human health for many reasons; some of them are listed below.